This is an interesting question. There's no one right way (there are many, many options). Here's what I would do:
The critical thing you have to do is to store the schema version in the database. Then everything else become relatively easy. So when you write your SQL script to update the database you can have a simple WHERE statement that aborts the process if the schema version is not X.
2. Once the M/S SQL database is updated, all of the client systems need to be forced to update the application before they are run again. The old application will not work with the new schema.
Again, this is where the schema version in the database comes in. When your application starts (or maybe everytime your app makes a SQL query) check that schema version value. If the client is not compatible with schema version X you can forcefully check for updates and tell the user that they must update before continuing to use the app.
Does this help?